Justification-indicator.



E. IVI. v( MARCHTHAL.

wswlcmmw mmc/WOR,

APPLICATION FILED IULY Il, 1913.

atvuvd Muy 23, 1916:

4 SHLETS-SHEETI.

E. M. v. MARCHTHAL.

JUSTIFICATION INDICATOR,

APPLICATION FILED IULY II, I9I3.

1,1 83,997 vlzltond May 23, 1916.

. 4 sHEETs-sHEET 2. l0@

E. M. v. IVIARCHTHAL.

nJsTlHcAloN INDICATOR, v l APPLiCATlON FILED IULY Il, 1913. 1,1 8:5999?,laltvnted Maly Q8, 19H1.

E. NI. v. IVIARCHTHAL.

IUSTIFICATION INDICATOR,

' APPLICATION FILED IULY Il. I9I3.

l l 83,997 Izlt'mli'vd Muy 23, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I ZIIEWWI ilustran sra'rns Partnr essieu,

EDITAR/D MAREK V. MARCHTHAL, F Vl'EhTNA, AUSTR-AwHUNG-ARY, ASSIG-NOR T0SEMENS 85 HALSKE A. Gg, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION 02E' GER.

MANY.

JUSTIFCATION-INDICATOR.

Appli-cation led July 11, 1913.

' tion-Indicators, of which the following is a full and clearspecification.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and more fullystated in the annexed claims.

ln machines which' produce printed matter with justii'ied lines eachline is first coinposed irrespectively of its exact length. The operatorhas generally the order to 4break the line before it has reached itsnormal length. The space which such line is too short I shallhereinafter call the blank space and such blank space divided by thenumber ot intervals between the Words on the line whichare called spacesin the art is equal to the amount which each space must be enlarged tobring the line to its standard length. Such enlargement of the spaces,however, is limited by the construction of the machine so that it mayhappen that the blank space is too large to be justi- I'ied completelyby the available spaces. This defect can be remedied by using largerthan normal spaces; for instance Without particular arrangement it maybe done so that each word may be separated by two spaces instead of oneordinary space.

The present invention refers to a device for indicating the blank spaceand the nurnber ot spaces, and for indicating not only whether the blankspace'may be justified with the number of available spaces but for.indicating also how much blank space is left when larger than normalspaces are used. By such means it is not necessary for the operator toWrite the line once more in order tol ascertain how much blank space isleft when larger than normal spaces are used.

fication indicator is employed is of the type in which a, perforatedsymbol stripis produced by the operator, which strip 1s subsequently fedinto the machine which pro- Specification of Letters Patent.

One of the machines in u'hich my justi- Serial Nb. 778,535.

put at the head of the line to be Written by suitable arrangement of thepaper strip, so that the spacing symbols reach the typesetting machinerst before the letter symbols of that line become operative. By sucharrangement the spacing devices are set beforehand for that particularline. Machines for producing such symbol strips have been described forinstance inv my Patents No. 1,067,047 of July 8th, 1913, and No.1,082,642, of December 30, 1913. The particular construction of themachine disclosed in said application isimmaterial for the understandingof the present invention, and a machine for pertorating a controllerstrip has been chosen as an-example merely to show that my novel deviceis capable of application to any machine for-composing or producingprinted matter in symbols or otherwise, in which a carriage or` someequivalent letter spacing means is ,provided which is actuated Whileythe composed line progresses, the control of the justificationindicator, as ivillbe described later on, depending upon the operationof suclrletter spacing means. Therefore the present invention isapplicable as Well to a machine referred to in the above mentionedapplication, as also directly to type setting or casting machines oralso to typevvriting machines or the like, all of which machines areprovided with letter spacingimeans such as carriages or indicators, bywhich' the progress of the Written line may be observed. In all 4or suchmachines my novel indicator in the forms shown and described, tells theoperator the necessary justilication, irrespectively of the means byvwhich the Ioperator subsequently may bring about such iustilication inthe particular machine.

In order to bereally useful to the operator the above mentionedjustilication indicater. must; be constructed so that When for instancethe symbol strip is fed into the type-setting or type-casting machine asthe case may be, and the space symbols become operative they must beable if desired to also cause the machine to set double spaces, thoughin the strip itself symbols for only single spaces are made by theoperator. sThe machine which the operator controls is thereforeconstructed sothat a certain yhole symbol is subsequently made in thestrip by the operator at the beginning of the line which controls'themechanism set for cer- Patented May 23, 1916. l

vides that all readings which should not be considered are covered up.These means are embodied in a particular form of indicator slide 40.

As shown in Fig. l the indicator slide l0 is located in front of theblank space slide 30, so that it partially covers it. A cord '-ll isfastened to slide 40 at the stop (32, which is wound on a springcontrolled drum 42. In'the normal position slide-'l0 rests with its stopG2 againstvstop '-li). The slide is capable of advancing to the lettonestep at each word space. rl`his movement is ohtained in the modificationshown in Fig. l by means of space key 44. This space key is att-ached tothe arm sifrof a three-armed lever, the other arm 46 of which is brokenoff but serves for controlling the mechanism which advances thecarriage. This mechanism having no bearingl on the present invention hasbeen omitted from the drawings. A spring 49 attached to latter normallyagainst top 50. The thirdarm lever ,47 carries at its end 4T a pawl 51which engages the teeth 52 provided at the lower edge of slide l0. lVhenkey 44 is depressed pawl 51 feeds the indicator slide 40 one toot-h tothe left. The slide is held in its advanced position by means ofretaining pawl 54 which is pivoted in the stationary pivot 55. lV hen itis desired to return the slide to its right hand end position key 5G isdepressed. This key is attached to one end of a two-armed lever whichswings on the pivot 57. Arm 6l of this lever has connected 'to it pullrod 5S which, at its other end is connectedto` pin 59 of retaining pawl54 to operate the latter.A The other arm GO is turned upward at its endso that when vkey 56 is depressed this uptuined end strikes the rearwardextension 53 of pawl 5l whereby the latter is disengaged from teethsimultaneously with retaining pawl 5ft. so that in turn slide 40 can flyto the right under the control of spring drum Ll-Q.

Indicator slide 40 is shown in Fig. 3 in large scale. It has marked onits surface in row A the numeral 0 and the numerals I to` VIII which,when the slide is gradually advanced to the left appear one after theother in the. reading window 53S shown in Fig. and previously referredto. Underneath row roman numerals of double the value are marked; thesenumerals stand for double spacing. Indicator slide 40 has a long slot 63underneath rows A and B, and in parallel thereto which permits throughit the reading of row (l of slide 30. Besides, the slot'GB has adownward extending cutout (34: which is in line with the spaceindication I of row A, so that any numeral of row D of slide 30 mayappear in this cutout. In a vertical line with space indication II ofrowA and at the height of row E of slide 30 a window is provided in arm46 holds the v shield T5.

If now slide slide 40, which permits any of the numeralsv numerals VIHof indicator slide 40, and

through the window G3 and G7 of the latter the units indications 19 and1l which are marked on blank space slide 30. Thereby the indica-tionsIVand l0 stand for single spaces, whereas VIII and ll stand for doublespaces. 'My improved indicating device also contains means forpermitting the appearance ot' only those twoof the previous mentionedfour readings which the operator should use. The other two readings are.covered up by means of a movable shield (Figs. l `and 4). This shieldhas three round windows 76, 7T and 'TS and a long vertical window 7S).lWhen the shield 75 is in its normal position are in line with windowILS previously nientioned, whereby windows 7G and 77 are also inalineinent with rows A and C of slides 40 and il() respectively.Accordingly; all other rows of the two slides are covered up. If itshould not be possible, now, to justify the line with single spaces bvmeans to be described hereafter. is moved into its shifted position, 1nwhich windows T8 and 79 arc in alinement with window 3S. so that onlythe r aidings of rows I3, D, E, F, (i are readable therethrough.

ln order to shift shield 75 into one or the"l its windows 7G and 77tance between the space indications 0, I, II, f

etc.. on slide y-l-O and accordingly the space between the teeth 52 onthe lower edge of that slide has a certain fixed value. This value issuch that when both slides 30 and ll) stand relatively' to each other sothat their "0 indications register, the blank space indicated by thevalues 0, 1, 2, 3, etc., of slide 30. which :an still be justified withthe single space number available, appear under each space indication O,I, II, III. 30 stands even one single unit to the left, blank spacevalues will appear under eachof the space indications I, II, III, etc.,which cannot he justified. Therefore. in all positions of the twoslides, in which the O indication of slide 30 stands to the left of theO indication of slide 40, the line is not justifiable with singlespaces' the .iustiliability therefore may be observed on the relativeposition of the two slides and therefore the position of the shield 75must be dependent upon the relativey position of 'always tends to boldshield l of slide 110, Contact is made between shoe 69 and rail (S8whereby a circuit is closed from batterv flexible conductor 70, rail(i8, shoe 69, ileizible .cord 71, signal lamp 73,

electroinagnetv'lbreek to the battery. Lamp 73 then fiashesnp andthereby indicates to the operator that double spaces are neces sary forthe justification of the line. Electromagnet 74tenergized at the saine'time attracts. its armature 80 which forms one arm of bell crank S0, 81pivotcd at 82. .firm 81 is piif'otally attached at its free end 855 tothe lcit hand corner of shield 75, Whereas a rod 84 running' in parallelto arm 81 and attached to stationary pivot at one end, is attached atits other end 86 to the right hand corner oi shield 7 A spring 87 :linedat one end is attached at its other end to rod Sil so that this parallellink ino ement 75 in its left hand or nornialisposition, in 'which asdescribed betere, its Windows 70 and 77 are in line with Window ililhenthe electromagnet 74 is energized and has attracted its armature S0described before, the shield is thrown to the right as illustrated inFig. 1 Where its Wii'itloivs 78 and 79 come tion.

in line with Window 38. lllhen the operator commences to Write a linejblank space slide n L, Nr.f.. L no ,v'

a0 abuts against its stop ao, nhereas space indicator slide i0 'abutswith its nose 62 against stop rlie eontcts G8 and touch each other andthe flashing' oit the sig`M nal lamp 7 announces 'to 'the operatorthatslide d0 is led to the left ineens et space kev a suiiicientdistance 'to 'interrupt the circuit at the contact elements (i8 and 09,the signal lamp goes ont and at the saine time shield moves from itslleft band position to the right into its normal posi The-n the operatorhas lini lied the line and has read tl'ie blank space and the numberoitspaces to be justified he depresses key 56., which if desired may atthe saine time serve the function of releasing the carn ringe(inecl'ianism not shown). By depresskey 56 pawls and are released andslide 40 is returned to right under the influence of spring drinn 22.Slide S0 rem turns together with carriage 34; to the left under theinfluence of spring drum 32 and the entire indicating mechanism isthereby set for a new line.

En Figs. 6 and 7 the dependency of 4the signal for fdouble spacesJ7 andof the movement ol shield 7 5 from the relative position ot the twoslides is brought about by mechanical. means. The blank spa ce slide 30in these iigures carries. at its upper left hand corner a pivot 90 whichsupports a bell crank 91. The bell crank carries the rollers 02 and 03at the respective ends of its two arms, and the bell crank isover-balanced by roller 93 so that its lower arm normally abuts againsta stop 0i provided on slide 30. TWhile slide 30 is fed to the right bycarriage 311, as previously described, roller 93 rolls along a rail 941.the ends of which 95 and 06 are pivotally attached to the two bell.cranks 97 and 98 respectively. The two latter bell cranks are pivoted at105 and 106 respectively, and have their other arms 90 and 100respectively connected by rail'1019 so that the two bell cranks withrails 94 and 101 form a parallel link movement. When now the le'lft handupper corners oi slides 30 and 4:0 approach each other the corner 102 ofslide 40 strikes against roll 9i). ot bell crank 01 andv thereby throwsit upward into the position shown in Fig. 7, so that non' roll 92 willtravel along the upperedgc oi' slide 110 on further movement of thelatter to the left of slide 30 to the right. By such movement of thebell crank its roll 93 has thrown up rail 94 on, which a. small shield10? is fastened. This shield in the position ot the elements as shown inFig. 0, leaves a fixed sign 104 double spaces uncovered. 0n the otherhand in the position of rail 91 described just before and. shown in Fig.77 this shield 103 covers up the sign 104. By this the operator isinformed that the line is justifiable with single spaces. At the sainetime rail is thrown up by roller 93, rail 101 is shifted to the lett andthereby also carries shield 75 attached to 'it to the left, so that theshield shifted into 4its normal position similar to the one 'which ithas when in Fie'. 1 the electromagnet 24 releases its armature S0. Theshifted position of' hield 75 is shown. in Fig". 7.

ln S to 1i inclusive, 1 have shown a more simplified form ior obtainingthe same results as are obtained with the apparatus describedhereinbeiiore. Figs. 8 and 9 show the simplest forni in more or lessdiagramniatical manner, Whereas Figs. 10 to 14.- show Athe preferredforni Which-is applied. to a certain type composing machine referred to.in my aforesaid patents.

Referring to Fig. 8 a justification indicating .device is shown for amachine in which the value of a. normal word space ar'nounts row V whichindicate the blank space in,l

messer to tWo units which may be enlarged the value of four units forjustilication pur poses. Thejustication values are tabulated on a slide260 which is horizontally' movable on the supports 266, and iscontrolled similarly.. to the slide 30 shown in Fig. l by means of aspring controlled drum' 265 and a. .cord 264C, by which latter twoelements the slide tends to rest against its stop 262.' As soon as themachine carriage or letter spacing element 261 approaches its 'righthand end position it abuts' against slide 260 and takes it along' totheright. y The extreme right hand position of the carriage is lixed bystop 268. Thetabulation of slide 26@ contains live rows ol numerals l toV, each of which rows stands forthe number of word spaces over which thejustification is to be distributed. ln IlTigLS the numbers l to vVappear at 'the right hand end of the table. Accordingly, in this formonly the first live spaces are counted torjustiication; if more thanfive spaces shouldtake part in the justification further rows must beadded. Theinumeral which vthe operator should read, to learn about thejustification is indicated by a pointer 26,8, which forms a part .ofvertical slide 267. This slide is mounted in a guide 269 so that `whenit is in its lowermost position pointer 268 indicates any of thenumerals contained in units. If, in this position slide 260 still restsagainst its stop 262 the pointer indicates the numeral, 20 whichindicates the largest blank space which can be indicated and still bejustified. `When the carriage 261 has reached its right hand endposition and abuts against stop 263 pointer 288 shows the blank space O.Slide 267 rests at the beginning of a line with its stop 279 and underthe influence of spring 270 against guide block 269, whereby pointer268' stands above any of the rows of the table; Slide 267 is providedwith teeth which cooperate with a pawl 271 mounted on a stationarypivot, and the teeth also operate with a paWl 272 which is pi votallymounted on a tuf'onrmed lever 273. The lever is pivoted at 27 4 andconnected at its other end with lever 281 of the space key 275 by meansof a pull rod 277. Space key lever 281 is pivoted at 276 and is held innormal position against stop 281iu by means of a spring 278. lV hen key275 is depressed a word space is produced by a mechanism not shownjhere;at the same time throughl rod 27 7, lever 273 and with it feeding pawl272 is moved, so that pawl 272 is thrown downwardwhereby slide 267 islowered one tooth. The slide is held in this new position by means ofretaining pawl 27l,`while the space key 275 under the influence ofspring 278 returns into its resting position, in which pawl 272 engagesthe next higher tooth of the slide. v'lheretore at nach depression ofthe space key slide 267 moves one step downward, so that its positioncorresponds with the number of written spaces, which can be read byreading the ronian numeral of the row to which the pointer points.

Since eac-h space may be enlarged only four units the line must have acertain minimum amount of spaces in order to enable the operator tostill justify the blank space by such enlarging of the 'avaih ablespaces; if on the other hand the blank space should Aamount for instanceto 17 units, whereas'only three spaces are in the line, it cannot be?justified any more since the spaces cannot be enlarged l7+3=5 units. Nowon the tabulation of slide 26() all blank space values which cannot'bejustified in the number of spaces which their row indicates in romannumerals are encircled by a heavy line, so that when pointer 268indicates one of the numerals that' the line is not justifiable withorv.dinary spaces. He will then operate a cer.- tain key of thecomposing mechanism (not shown here) which for this instance is assumedto be of the type referred to above. By the operated key a particularhole symbol is produced in the symbol strip which causes the reproducingmechanism which is controlled by the perforated strip to produce adouble space for each single space symbol in' the paper strip. Thus adouble space is made between each two words. Now accordingto the abovegiven example the line would have, when written with double spaces, sixspaces and is therefore justifiable, since the enlarging of the line anamount of three spaces the blank space has been reduced 3 2=6 units andamounts now to only il units. This blank space of l1 units must bedistributed over siX spaces and the operator should new provide the hole-symbols in the strip for these values. ln order to save 'the operatorany calculation, the values on the table which are located within the'black encircled field do not indicate the actual blank space in unitsbut the blank space .which exists after the. spaces have been doubled- AAccordingly, in the above given example of a line with three spacesandan actual blank space of 17 units, pointer 268 does not point tonumeral` 17 but to nu- ,..meeal 11 in row III, as shown in Fig. 8.

F ig. 9 shows a further improved tabulation. lt is used with the samemechanism as shown in Fig. 8. In this improved table the values ot thenumber of justifiable spaces are not indicated each at the right handend of the row of blank space values to which it belongs, but the valuesof tbc justiiable spaces are repeated underneath each blank space value.Within the black vil@ encircled field in each instance double the numberof spaces are indicated instead of the actual number of word spaces, sothat the operator is enabled todirectlj,7 read the space number which heshould mark in the symbol strip. For instance, for the same examplechosen above with reference to the tabulation shown invFig. 8 theindication of the pointer in Fig. 9 would stand on .v L1 the blaclcencircled rectangle FV .in the letters. Of course, in order toparticularly emphasize'to the operator that for certain indications heshould use double spaces and produce symbols in the strip in accordancetherewitha all the letters or numerals, whichever may be used of thetwo, which 'are located in the black encircled field in either Figs. 8,9or 14, may be printed in a different color. instead of using numerals orletters as shown, any other symbols7 for instance those which theoperator should produce in the paper strip, may be marked instead.

A further modication which l preferably employ in a certain machine i'orpro ducing printed matter is shown' in Figs. 10 to 14. 1n the Vtrame 201(Figs. l0 and 11) is a shaft 203 journaled between the screw centers202, 202. This shaft carries a tabulation or reading drum 205, the cordpulley 206 and a crown cam 204i with steps 2043 arranged to intersectwith a helical curve. A spiral spring 207 'fastened at its inner end tothe pin 208 of the crown cam. and at its outer end to av fixed support209, tends to rotate cam 204i together with drum 205 in the'direction of'the arrow 213 (Figs. l2 and 13). Ordinarily such rotation is pre ventedby a double armed lever 211 rotatable on a. pivot 210 and held inengagement at its nose 241 with the steps of the crown cam by means ofspring 219 (Fig. 11). Normally the drum stands 'so that the nose 24-1engages the lowest step of the crown cam. A pull rod 2li-2 which isconnected with the machine carriage or letter spacing element (notshown) carries a iinger 212 which when the carriage ap preaches the endof the line engages with the free end 24:0 of lever 211, so that on further movement of the carriage to its ei:-

lt is of course obvious that treme end position it takes the upper-endof lever 211 along.v By Athis movement nose 241 moves away from crowncam 2Q4 at each step of the paper carriage the height of one step 20st:Lofthe crown cam (which height corresponds with one space unit) so thatthe reading drum 205 is permitted to rotate the peripheral length of onestep 204a of the crown cam 204 in the direction df the arrow shown inFigs. l2 and 13.

On the reading drum 205 a tabulation is provided which is shown in therectangular plane in Fig. 14;, and these justification readings may beola-served through a long slot or window 214 (Figs. 10 and 11) which isprovided in the protecting casing 215. In Figs. 10 and 13 the device isshown without the protecting casing 215,` but the slot 214 isn marked indotted lines in Fig. 10 to show; its exact location. Between casing 215and drum 205 is disposed a shield 216 (Figrs. 10, 11 and 13), which isattached to a hub 217 loosely mounted on shaft 203 and prevented fromlateral movement by a co1.'

lar 283. Shield 216 has a number of win'- dows 218 (Fig. 10) arranged ona helix so that when the shield. is rotated its Windows successivelyappear in the window slot 214, whereby a numeral of each of theperipheral 0rows II to IX (F ig. 14) successively appears to theobserver in one of the windows 218. The hub 217 which carries shield 216also carries a ratchet wheel 220 land a torsion spring 221 (Fig. 11)which tends to move the hub in the direction of the arrow 213 (Fig. 13).The other end of `torsion spring 221 is 'fastened on a pin 280 fixed incasing 201. ln normal position (as shown in Fig. 13) the shield restsunder the tension of the torsion spring against a pin 222. The ratchetwheel 220 and with it shield 216 may be turned step by step in thedirection against arrow 213 by means of a feeding pawl 224 which ispivotally attached to the free end of a lever the other endl of which ispivoted on the stationary pivot 226. Shaft 203 passes through an oblongopening' 225a of this lever so that the latter can rock a certaindistance upward. Lever 225 is held in the position shown in Fig. 13 bymeans of a spring 22S. Feeding pawl 224 is normally held out ofengagement with the ratchet wheel 220 as shown by means of a connectionwith a push rod 223 which is connected with the space key (not shown) sothat when the latter is depressed the rod is pushed upward through whichthe pawl 224 is thrown first into 'engagement with the tooth standing inits path' and then lever. 225 is rocked upwarrh by which latter motionthe ratchet wheel 220 is moved one tooth against the direction of thearrow A retaining pawl 232 holds ratchet wheel 220 in the new positioninto which' it has been rotated by the movement of the feeding pawlju'stfdeseribed. this feeding niovementit will be noteds iield 216l isfed one step a ainstA'tlie direction vof the arrow 'at each e'ressionoftlie space key, in other words or each space written by the.operator. In the clevicedescribed' here 'not more than nine'spaeesshouldbe counted between which thejustification can be distributed, and'therefore the shield should be rotatedl onlylnine steps, for whichlpurpose 'onlyr nine teeth are provided for. the feeding pawl "and"accordingly for; the' retaining pawl 'Ilieremai'nder of' the ratchet\\'heel=220.is" not provided with-'teeth as shown' at` 235, whichprevents the further movement of the: ratchet wheel 22d-after the ninthword space liasbeen-written: In

Fig".K lO'tlie shield 216 is shown'in a. osition advanced by'twosteps.Not unti it has taken up this position'the" first of the windows 218fisfin line with'the long slot 214 which means'thatthe space number 1 isnot indicateduat all. As any written line, is ex ectedfto have at leasttwo spaces'the indication' of the first word-spaces-is unnecessary.' j'-f After all the justification symbols have been-"written by theoperator after he '-has' finished a line and after 'the 'paper carriage'vofthe machine with its finger 212 has vbeen removed to the right inFig.' 11,' s0 thatthe end 240 of 4lever 211 has been released thereby,theentire ljustification indicating mechanism'should be returned to itsnormal position ready to indicate-the'justification during the writingof va new line. This maybe brought about by the pulling of a'v4 cord orby any suitable mechanism connected with the composing machine.' rAs anexample, I have shown here how this mechanism may be reset by hand bymeans v'oi-a cord.v One end of a cord 238markedfin Figs.' 10 and 12 indot and Idash lines, isv fastened to the cord pulley 2Q() and l'woundwith several turns on this pulley. Thence the cord passes over roll`.234..whichis journaledat the end of a lever 233 fastened on the shaft230 on-which also the previously mentioned retaining pawl 232 of ratchetwheel 220i'is fastened. When now cord 238 is ulled, first roll 234 ispulled downward and t ereby roeks shaftg230 ywhich in turn' disengagesretaining; pawl 232 from its ratchetwheel 220. Thereby the ratchet-wheelunder the influence of torsion spring 221'ret'urns with its shield216'in`to itsfnormal'position shown. v-in Fig. 13. Thepawl 232then-rests against a. stopz239gf`ixed in casin'g201.''Uponfurtherpulling. -cord '.238 :.shafti203' is, turnedv against'l the direction ofthe arrow-infFigs.

12- a'nd 1.3 and"against'gthe.tensioriglofspring yi207 -until.thereading dru'mf205iis`tands in its l0. position.. 'Duringthis'lreturn-the nose 241| of-lever 211 slides from the highest'step'of'athef'erown cam overalll the steps;dow n y"ringe,

rows which-.might be visible through one of -the readmwindows 218 whichstands in ,line with t e large reading window 214 apagain to the loweststep where it stood distributed, offrom two to nine spaces.

Therefore altogethereight vertical rows for 2,3,.4 9 spaces, (rows Il toIX), and each row contains 28 reading squares. In each square twoletters are marked, the first letter stands for the number of spaces,the second letter stands for the value of the blank space. All blankspaces for which justification is impossible with single spaces are,similarly to the manner shown in Fig. 8, en-

circled by a heavy line. In the actual apparatus they may be marked by adifferent color. If now, the reading drum 205 moves in `the direction ofthe arrow owing to the operation' of lever 211 bythe paper carall thesquares of'one of tie vertical )ear one after the other in this window.f now by a. depression of the space key shield 216 is moved one stepagainst the direction of the arrow 213,'the readings of anotherverticalrow of the table will appear in the large window through anothersmall reading window 218. For example let us assume that a line containsthree spaces and has a blank space of -20 units. Then the spaces may beenlarged 3 6=18 ffunits, which, however. is not suflicient to justify ablank space of '20 units. Therefore the spaces must be doubled to sixspaces, whereby tbe blank space is lessened three spaces or 8X3=9 units.In other words, the blank space has been reduced from 20 to 20-9:11umts. In the square located in the vertical .row III and the horizontalrow 20, the letter V stands for G spaces and letter D for 11 units. Thissquare being located within the-black encircled field the operator isreminded thatfhe should -provide in his symbol stripa further holesymbol which 'causes thewriting of double spaces.

What I claim is: l

1. A justification indicator of the characliter described vhaving meansfor indicating the-actual blank spaces and means for simultaneouslyindicating the blank space which would be left if the total amount oflword lspaces of the same written line were enlarged a predeterminedamount.

2. A justification indicator of the character described having means forindicating the actual blank spaces and word space numbers over which theblank space is to be distributed, and means for simultaneouslyindicating the blank s ace, which would be left if the total num r ofspaces of the same written line were enlarled a predetermined amount,and means or indicating whether the normal or enlarged word spacesshould be used in the line.

3. A justification indicator for type composing machines or the like,having a blank space slide controlled by the letter spacing e ement ofthe composing machine, sai slide havin a tabulation consistin yof aplurality o numeral rows for in icating the blank s )ace in line units,each row indicating blank space values which are smaller, by the amountof units contained in a normal word space, than the blank space valuesin the corresponding place of the preceding row, means forsimultaneously indicatin the blank space units which would be le t ifthe total number of spaces of the same written line were enlarged apredetermined amount, and means for indicating whether the normal or theenlarged word spaces should be used in the line.

4. A justification indicator for type composing machines or the like,having a blank s ace slide controlled by the letter spacing e ement ofthe composing machine, said slide havin a tabulation consisting of aplurality o numeral rows for indicating the blank s acc in line units,each row indicating blan space values which are smaller, bythe amount ofunits contained in a normal word space than the blank space values inthe corresponding place of the preceding row, means controlled by thespacing mechanism of thelcomposing machine for simultaneously indicatinthe blank space units which would be le t if the total number of spacesof the same written line were enlarged a predetermined amount and meansfor indicating whether the normal or the linlarged word spaces should beused in the 5. A justification indicator for type composing machines orthe like, having a blank space slide controlled by the letter spacingelement of the composing machine, said slide having a tabulationconsisting of a plurality o numeral rows for indicating the blank spacein line units, each row indicatingvblank space values which are smallerby the amount of units contained, in a normal word space than the blankspacevalues in the 'corresponding place of the preceding row, means forsimu taneously indicating the blank space units which wouldbeleftif thetotal numberof spaces of the same written line were enlarged spredetermined amount,

and means for indicating whether the normal or the enlarged word spacesshould be used in the liuc, a space indicator slide, controlled by thespacing 'mechanism of the coniposin machine, disposed adjacent to saidblau space slide, said indicator slide having two rows of space numeralsin parallel to the rows of the blank space slide for indicating thenumber of' justifiable spaces, one row having double the number ofvalues of the other row, and means on said indicator slide for showinthe desired values of said blank space sli e.

6. A justification indicator for type composing machines or the like,having a blank space Slide controlled by the letter spacing element oftheI composing machine, sai slide having a tabulation consisting of aplurality of numeral rows for indicating the blank space in line units,each row indicating blank space values which are smaller by the amountof unit-s contained in a normal word space than the blank space valuesin the corresponding place of the preceding row; means forsimultaneously indicatin the blank space units which would be le t ifthe total number of spaces of the same written line were enlarged apredetermined amount, and means for indicating whether the normal or theenlarged word spaces should be used in the line, a space indicatorslide, controlled by the spacing mechanism 'of the composing machine,disposed adjacent to said blank space slide, said indicator slide havingtwo rows of space numerals in parallel to the rows of the blank spaceslide for indicating the number of justifiable spaces, one row havingdouble the number of values of the other row, said indicator slidehaving a slot permitting the observation of the entire upper unitnumeral row of said blank space slide` and having also one window inlvertical aliiiement with each of said space numerals and in horizontalalinement with each of said unit numeral rows, permitting theobservation of one value in each of said unit numeral rows of the blankspace slide.

7. A justification indicator for 'type composing machines or the like,having a blank space slide controlled by the letter spacing element ofthe composing machine, said slide having a tabulation consisting of aplurality of numeral rows for indicating the blank space in line units,each row indicating blank space values which are smaller -by the amountof units contained in a normal word space than the blank space values inthe corresponding place of the preceding row,imeans for simultaneouslyindicating the blank space units which would be left if the'total numberof spaces of the same written line were enlarged a predetermined amount,and means for indicating whether the normal or the enlarged word spacesshould be used in the line, a space indicator slide,

, meses? y controlled by the spacing mechanism of the composing machine.disposed adjacent to Said blank space slide, said indicator slide havingtivo rows ot Y spac'elnumerals in parallclto the rows ot theblairis-spacel slide for indicating the numberot'justifiable spaces, one,rouv having double the' number of values of the other rou, saidAindicator slide having a slot permitting the observation ot' the entireupper unit 'numeral row of said blank space slide, and klia-'ving also'one window in p vertical alinement with each of said space numerals ofnumeral roivs for indicating the blank iso Aspace in line units, eachrow indicating blank space values which are smaller by the amountof'units contained in a normal Word space` than the blank space valuesin the corresponding place of the preceding row, means forAsimultaneously indicating the blank space units which Would be left ifthe total number oi;1 spaces of the same Writ- -ten line were enlarged apredetermined amount, and means Jfor indicating Whether the normal orthe enlarged Word spaces should be used in the line, a space indicatorslide, controlled by the spacing mechanism of the composing machine,disposed adjacent to said blank space slide, said indicator slide havingtivo rows of space numerals in parallel to the roivs of the blank spaceslide Jfor indicating the number of justiliable spaces, one row havingdouble the number of values of the other` rovv, and means on for showingthe desired values ot said blank space slide, the numeral tabulation ofone slide being suitably distributed relatively to the tabulation of theother slide to cause, Whenthe 0 indications of both slides are inalinement, underneath each space numeral of the indicator slide theappearance of the blank space value ot I 55 then other slideWhichcanstill be justified by theconiposing machine at that spacenumber.v

9. A justification indicator Jfor type composing machines or the like,having a blank space slide controlled by the 'letter spacing element ofthe composing machine, said slide having a tabulation consisting of aplurality of numeral rows for indicating the blank space in line units,each row Vin-y dicating blank space values which are smaller by theamount of units contained in a normal Word space than the blank spacevalues in vthe corresponding place of the preceding row, means forsimultaneously indicating the blank space units which would be left-ir1the total number of spacesof the same Written line Were jen- .larged apredetermined amount, and means for indicating Whether the normal or theenlarged Word spaces should be used in the line, a space 'indicatorslide, controlled by vthe spacing mechanism of the composing machine,disposed adjacentto said blank space slide, said indicator slide lhavingtivo rows of space numerals in parallel to the ving double the number ofvalues of the other row, said indicator slide having a. slot permittingthe, observation ofthe entire upper unit numeral row of lsaid blankspace slide, and having also one Window in ver,

tical alinment With each of' said space numorals and in horizontalalinement with each of said, unit numeral rows, permitting theobservation of one value in each of said unit numeral rows of the blankspace'4 slide, and vertically extending stationary Window disposed infront of said slides for observing the values of the slides appearing ina' vertical row, and a movable shield disposed betvveen said stationaryWindow and said slides, having suitably disposed openings to permit thereading therethrough of such values appearing in said vertical row,which the operator should use for justification.

10. A. justification indicatorl for type composing machines or the like,having a blank space slide controlled by the letter spacing element ofthe composing machine, said slide having a tabulation consisting of aplurality of numeral rows for indicating the blank space in line units,each roiv indicating blank space4 values smaller by the amount of unitscontainedl-in anormal Word lspace than the blank Aspace values in thecorresponding place otfl'ie preceding roiv, means dicating the blankspace units which would be left 'if the total number of spaces of the.

which arel for simultanously in-4 80 s of the blank space slide forindicating c number of justiliable spaces, oneiroiv" same Written line;`were enlarged aprede-v.

termined amount, and means for indicating Whether the normal or lspacesshould be used in the line, a space 'indicator slide,"Y controlled by'the spacing the enlarged word 12a unit numeisil mw seid V and lim/infalso one i mlow nilneinent "nl h each snici ferais anni in horizonnialimen f' i each seid unil; nnnieiel ianws, pemniimng the observationoi? one mine i exch off" seid unit numeznl rows nf lle bini 1 anneeSlifle? and e vertically extending; Sn'ionaify winolow disposed in from:oi said Sliders' 'foi' observing the mines of ih@ slides :ippefn'ing ine Vei'bicel rom and e movable Siiielfl fiisposed between mill stationerywindow and Seial Slides, having; suitably cl'igi'oseri open .ings tepermit be readingtherethrough oir such 'va-lues afipeeifing' in Saidvercioei new, which 'bhe operator should use im' justifica tion, 'andmeans eonirnlled by 'libe relative position of suini slides foi' movingsiii-il, shielnl to bling such oi winflnws inn alineinent Wlzii. Seialsinzioinnfy inciew, which permit lie opeato' te i'enfl izhe jiisi3icatonfoi" gingle enlergeei spaces es re quired. I

11. jnsgiiioeiion inciicaoif fm' iygne oom posing .machines or die like,having; blank space ssliie conti'oiie by 4the lati-er spacing element ofthe composing; inaeii 7 ,sind elifie having n, nbnle'ivinn Censis 1g*oit n 1plnl'al'uy onninemi wwe; im innicelng ihevblenl Spi-@ in lineunita enh in. blnnia* Spne veines whinh zne smalley l amount of millascontained in normal mi nholeg space lhen the blank space Values in tbeemfresponding* piece of she preceding row, Ineens foi' Simultaneouslyindicating be blnh space imite Whibh Wolili e left iii 30ml number ofspeees of Snne wiien 'ninefi emonn., menne for indienbing nhebhei? bheno1- Inni or 'bhe enlmgell s nee shonhi be nned `in 'ih line epee@ inaernten con" izi'ollefl by @he Spee' g mechanism 0;? ghe @elw posingmachine, 1;-

aljieeeni'; 'to will blank space slide, seid inclicaoy slide having nwoicon/'s of space numerals in parallel. to the rows oi? ille blank slidefoi indicating the nnmbei' nl? iuetiiabie spe.ces,`

the number of velues; of hhe onheinnw ii indicate? having; n sini: permin g he obeey non of -he tire upper unil; nninai non.' oi? Seid blankSpace SlideL and having :lien one winciow in yeijieel "wie-h mi seinspese one inw having cloni nnii; nunfiwel wwe and e veriienliy dow{liebes-eci n sevflng izhe v.

e vei'iien in pained bezn'een Enid Sflesi, hm. ings; to permit -J euchVelizaee which the opeinzor Should use for justificaii-Qn, anni, IneensQen'lilolled by the` relativey position nf saifi slides for moving saiclShield bling snch o? ite windows into alinement with Seid StaginnzuyWindow', which permit ib@ operator te the justification for enenleniyxli Spaces as required, and ineens for precincing n Signal whenenlarged needing ie neef ""'ecb '.i. A jnstillennicni dicator for typecompaging nnchnee,having, .f1 blank space membei" bearing n; tabulationcnnsifsting of n plu :ielizv of news oi einirncters, dennting the blankeneeer'feines, each row being assigned to liiiereiii? fieinite number ofword epilees, said mbnl .ien having each chareetei of she :animal :inni:space value, which net jnsiebln with the number of spaces be which itsmw is eseigned, substituted by tbe ehm'aetei fn' ehe blank: space Valuewhich would iesnlV if the total amount of the Word space were enlarged apredetermined amount. I

i3. A, jnetifieatien indicator for type composing mmzhines, having a.blank space mem bei" bearing n, tabulation consisting of a plu relie-yof 'rows ef characters, denoting the blank space 'velues each row beingassigned, tn e diileienm definite number of 4Word spaces, sindtabulation having each char- Ster of `the :winni blank space value,which .not insnii ble with he number of spaces to which its rowassigned, substituted by ehe ehm-Sloten for ih@ blank space value which.weuflcl i'enult if the total amount of he wond space enlarged apredetermined amonn, :incl means Cont-rolled by the leiter speeingelement ef the machine for step in :the fiireetion of its rows, andchurninyingjg miel blank space member step byeener.' ndieni'ing/ineansadjacent to Said blank epted to direct the operator@ 'enflinggf ofiehmacters from one `of self?. news into the eflioining row', said meansbeing controlled, by the Word spming element of seid mani miiiei'ammini? bhe nharacters fol? the re nuneci Worfi spec-e Values beingrepeated nenti@ hn-mami* of the` blank 'l nl Said rows,

indimmr for type coming e blank space memmining ninnhinee i* lll lll

:llllllll ber bearing a tabulation 4consisting of. a plurality of rowsof characters, denotingthe blank space values, each row being assigned lbeing assigned to a different, deiinite number of Word spaces,

to a dierent, definite .number of -word spaces, said tabulationhivino`each character `of the blank space value,I

which is not jusl tifi'able with the number of spaces to which its rowis assignechgV substituted by the character for the actual blank spacevalue which would result if the total amount ot' Word space wereenlarged a predetermined amount, all blank space values for enlarged saces being located ina field suitably distmguished from the remainder ofthe tabulation.

16. A justification indicator for type'composing machines 'or the likehaving a reading drum bearing a tabulation cbnsisting of ay plurality ofperipheral rows vdi' characters denoting the blank space values,v eachrow Said tabulation' havin@ each character of the blankspace value,Wliich is not justiiiable With the number oi? spaces to' which itsrow isassigned, substituted by the character for the actual blank space Valuewhich would result if rthe total amount of the space of the line wereenlarged a predetermi ed amount, means controlled bythe letter spa ingelement of the machine for rotating said drum step by step one blankspace character at a time, a shield partly surrounding said drum andhavin a plurality of Windows equal to the num er of peripheral rows 'iof saidtabulation, one Window being in `alinement lWith each. row andpermitting the reading of the values of each row through them as thedrum rotates, means controlled by the word spacing element of themachine, for rotating said shield step by step against the rotationdirection of said drum, said Windows being peripherally spaced apartfrom each other the distance of a `shield feeding step, and a casingsurrounding said'shield and said drum, having a windowextending axiallythe length of the 'drum and permitting the,v observation of onlypne ofsaid windows for vof normal Word spaces over which the blank spaces ofthat row may be distributed, movable indicating means controlled by theWord spacing element of theimachine, bear- 'ing characters denoting saiddifferent num#k bers of Word spaces and'also bearlng cha-rv actersdenoting the number of word spaces' when all thespages of the lineareenlarged a predetermined A"amount, said blank space, member and saidindicating means being suitably cordinated to indicate to theopf eratorthe blank space to be justified and the number of normal or enlargedWord spaces over Which the justification is to be dis-4 tributed.

EDUARD MAREK v. MARCHTHAL.

- Witnesses AUGUST FUGGER, ADA MARIA BERGER.

